Communicable Disease Nursing - Part 2

Communicable Disease Nursing emphasizes early recognition, diagnostics, treatment support, infection prevention, surveillance, contact management, reporting, and community control. Content is organized for Philippine community-health nursing review, with disease-specific treatment, medication safety, prevention, and CHN responsibilities.

1️⃣ Dengue

🦟 Transmission/Phases

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Warning Signs

🔷 Severe abdominal pain

🔷 Persistent vomiting

🔷 Mucosal bleeding

🔷 Lethargy/restlessness

🔷 Fluid accumulation/clinical deterioration

🔷 Warning signs often appear near defervescence

🧪 Diagnosis/Treatment

🔷 Use disease-appropriate testing

🔷 Collect specimen correctly

🔷 Screening ≠ confirmed diagnosis

🔷 Interpret timing + clinical context

🔷 Confirm/report per program guidance

🔷 Urgent result → prompt treatment/referral

🛡️ Vector Control

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

2️⃣ Malaria

🦟 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

🌡️ Signs

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Diagnosis/Treatment

🔷 Use disease-appropriate testing

🔷 Collect specimen correctly

🔷 Screening ≠ confirmed diagnosis

🔷 Interpret timing + clinical context

🔷 Confirm/report per program guidance

🔷 Urgent result → prompt treatment/referral

🛡️ Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

3️⃣ Rabies

🐕 Exposure

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

🚿 Wound Care

🔷 Wash bite/scratch with soap + running water

🔷 Irrigate thoroughly ≈15 min when feasible

🔷 Apply appropriate antiseptic

🔷 Seek PEP assessment promptly

🔷 Avoid unproven wound applications

🔷 Early cleansing → viral inoculum ↓

💉 PEP

🔷 PEP depends on exposure + prior vaccination

🔷 Give rabies vaccine per approved schedule

🔷 RIG for selected severe exposures

🔷 Infiltrate RIG around wound when indicated

🔷 Complete schedule as advised

🔷 PEP before symptoms → highly effective

🏘️ Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

4️⃣ Leptospirosis

🐀 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Signs

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Diagnosis/Treatment

🔷 Use disease-appropriate testing

🔷 Collect specimen correctly

🔷 Screening ≠ confirmed diagnosis

🔷 Interpret timing + clinical context

🔷 Confirm/report per program guidance

🔷 Urgent result → prompt treatment/referral

🛡️ Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

5️⃣ Measles

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Signs

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Care

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

💉 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

6️⃣ Varicella

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Signs

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

💊 Treatment

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

💉 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

7️⃣ Mumps & Rubella

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Findings

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🤰 Pregnancy Risks

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

💉 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

8️⃣ Diphtheria

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Complications

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

💊 Treatment

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

🛡️ Contacts

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

9️⃣ Pertussis

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

😮‍💨 Stages

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

💊 Treatment

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

💉 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

🔟 Tetanus

🦠 Entry

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Signs

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

💊 Treatment

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

💉 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣1️⃣ Poliomyelitis

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Pattern

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Care

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

💉 Surveillance

🔷 Identify suspected cases early

🔷 Use standard case definitions

🔷 Report notifiable conditions promptly

🔷 Maintain confidentiality

🔷 Support investigation/contact tracing

🔷 Use data for control action

1️⃣2️⃣ Meningococcal Disease

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

🚨 Red Flags

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

🧪 Treatment

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

👥 Contact Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣3️⃣ Pneumonia

🫁 Pattern

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

⚠️ Severity

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Diagnosis/Treatment

🔷 Use disease-appropriate testing

🔷 Collect specimen correctly

🔷 Screening ≠ confirmed diagnosis

🔷 Interpret timing + clinical context

🔷 Confirm/report per program guidance

🔷 Urgent result → prompt treatment/referral

🛡️ Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣4️⃣ Influenza

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

🌡️ Signs

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

💊 Treatment

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

💉 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣5️⃣ COVID-19

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Pattern

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Testing/Treatment

🔷 Use disease-appropriate testing

🔷 Collect specimen correctly

🔷 Screening ≠ confirmed diagnosis

🔷 Interpret timing + clinical context

🔷 Confirm/report per program guidance

🔷 Urgent result → prompt treatment/referral

🛡️ Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣6️⃣ Acute Gastroenteritis

💩 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Dehydration

🔷 Assess thirst + mucosa + eyes + urine

🔷 Tachycardia may reflect volume loss

🔷 Children may deteriorate rapidly

🔷 Poor perfusion/lethargy = severe concern

🔷 Classify dehydration severity

🔷 Severe dehydration → urgent IV/medical care

💧 Treatment

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

🧼 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣7️⃣ Cholera

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

💧 Pattern

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Treatment

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

🚰 Outbreak Control

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣8️⃣ Typhoid Fever

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Pattern

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Treatment

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

🧼 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣9️⃣ Amoebiasis & Intestinal Parasites

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Signs

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Treatment

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

🚰 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

2️⃣0️⃣ Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

🖐️ Findings

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

💧 Monitoring

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

🧼 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

2️⃣1️⃣ Emerging/Re-emerging Infections

🌍 Emerging Disease

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

🔎 Detection

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

🚨 Preparedness

🔷 Verify event + diagnosis

🔷 Develop case definition

🔷 Find + line-list cases

🔷 Describe person + place + time

🔷 Identify source/risk factors

🔷 Control measures begin immediately

📣 Risk Communication

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

🏁 Conclusion

Nursing care combines patient management with interruption of transmission, adherence support, surveillance, education, contact management, and timely referral. Disease-specific precautions and current public-health program guidance should direct community practice.

Reference Notes

• Department of Health - disease prevention and control program guidance.

• Republic Act No. 11332 - mandatory reporting of notifiable diseases and health events.

• DOH dengue program guidance, including vector-control and outbreak preparedness issuances.

• DOH communicable-disease advisories for W.I.L.D. diseases and other emerging/re-emerging infections.