Communicable Disease Nursing - Part 1

Communicable Disease Nursing emphasizes early recognition, diagnostics, treatment support, infection prevention, surveillance, contact management, reporting, and community control. Content is organized for Philippine community-health nursing review, with disease-specific treatment, medication safety, prevention, and CHN responsibilities.

1️⃣ General Principles & Chain of Infection

🦠 Infection Concepts

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

🔗 Chain of Infection

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

🛡️ Breaking the Chain

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

👩‍⚕️ Nursing Role

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

2️⃣ Transmission & Precautions

💨 Airborne/Droplet

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

✋ Contact/Fomites

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

🍽️ Fecal-Oral

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

🧤 Standard Precautions

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

3️⃣ Epidemiology, Surveillance & Outbreak Control

📊 Epidemiology

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

🧮 Attack Rate

🔷 Attack Rate = (New outbreak cases ÷ Population at risk) × 100 → 50 ÷ 500 × 100 = 10%

🔷 Define outbreak period

🔷 Use population truly at risk

🔷 Compare exposure groups

🔷 Higher rate → possible source clue

🔷 Use result to target control

📣 Reporting

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

🚨 Outbreak Control

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

4️⃣ Immunization, Prophylaxis & Contact Management

💉 Immunization

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

💊 Chemoprophylaxis

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

👥 Contacts

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

📅 Follow-Up

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

5️⃣ Pulmonary Tuberculosis

🦠 Transmission & Risks

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Signs/Symptoms

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Diagnostics

🔷 Use disease-appropriate testing

🔷 Collect specimen correctly

🔷 Screening ≠ confirmed diagnosis

🔷 Interpret timing + clinical context

🔷 Confirm/report per program guidance

🔷 Urgent result → prompt treatment/referral

🛡️ Infection Control

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

6️⃣ TB Diagnostics: Xpert, Sputum & AFB

🧬 Xpert MTB/RIF

🔷 Philippine NTP → Xpert MTB/RIF = primary test for presumptive TB

🔷 Detects MTB + rifampicin resistance

🔷 Rapid result → earlier treatment decision

🔷 Collect quality specimen

🔷 Negative test ≠ exclude every TB presentation

🔷 Follow current NTP algorithm

🧪 Sputum & AFB

🔷 Philippine NTP → Xpert MTB/RIF = primary test for presumptive TB

🔷 Detects MTB + rifampicin resistance

🔷 Rapid result → earlier treatment decision

🔷 Collect quality specimen

🔷 Negative test ≠ exclude every TB presentation

🔷 Follow current NTP algorithm

🩻 Imaging

🔷 Philippine NTP → Xpert MTB/RIF = primary test for presumptive TB

🔷 Detects MTB + rifampicin resistance

🔷 Rapid result → earlier treatment decision

🔷 Collect quality specimen

🔷 Negative test ≠ exclude every TB presentation

🔷 Follow current NTP algorithm

📣 Notification

🔷 Philippine NTP → Xpert MTB/RIF = primary test for presumptive TB

🔷 Detects MTB + rifampicin resistance

🔷 Rapid result → earlier treatment decision

🔷 Collect quality specimen

🔷 Negative test ≠ exclude every TB presentation

🔷 Follow current NTP algorithm

7️⃣ TB Treatment & DOTS

💊 Drug-Susceptible TB

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

👁️ DOTS/Adherence

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

⚠️ Drug Adverse Effects

🔷 Isoniazid → hepatotoxicity + neuropathy

🔷 Rifampicin → hepatotoxicity + orange body fluids

🔷 Pyrazinamide → hepatotoxicity + hyperuricemia

🔷 Ethambutol → optic neuritis

🔷 Jaundice/visual change → urgent review

🔷 Teach adverse-effect reporting

🏘️ CHN Follow-Up

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

8️⃣ Drug-Resistant TB & Contacts

🧬 DR-TB

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

💊 Treatment

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

👥 Contact Investigation

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

🛡️ Preventive Care

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

9️⃣ Leprosy

🦠 Cause/Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

🖐️ Signs

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Diagnosis/Treatment

🔷 Use disease-appropriate testing

🔷 Collect specimen correctly

🔷 Screening ≠ confirmed diagnosis

🔷 Interpret timing + clinical context

🔷 Confirm/report per program guidance

🔷 Urgent result → prompt treatment/referral

🏘️ Disability Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

🔟 Schistosomiasis

🐌 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Signs

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Diagnosis/Treatment

🔷 Use disease-appropriate testing

🔷 Collect specimen correctly

🔷 Screening ≠ confirmed diagnosis

🔷 Interpret timing + clinical context

🔷 Confirm/report per program guidance

🔷 Urgent result → prompt treatment/referral

🚰 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣1️⃣ HIV Infection & AIDS

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Clinical Course

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

🧪 Testing

🔷 Use disease-appropriate testing

🔷 Collect specimen correctly

🔷 Screening ≠ confirmed diagnosis

🔷 Interpret timing + clinical context

🔷 Confirm/report per program guidance

🔷 Urgent result → prompt treatment/referral

🛡️ Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣2️⃣ HIV ART & Opportunistic Infections

💊 ART

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

⚠️ Medication Safety

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

🦠 OIs

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

🏘️ CHN Support

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

1️⃣3️⃣ Sexually Transmitted Infections

❤️ STI Pattern

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

⚠️ Findings

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Testing/Treatment

🔷 Use disease-appropriate testing

🔷 Collect specimen correctly

🔷 Screening ≠ confirmed diagnosis

🔷 Interpret timing + clinical context

🔷 Confirm/report per program guidance

🔷 Urgent result → prompt treatment/referral

🛡️ Partner Prevention

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

1️⃣4️⃣ Hepatitis A

🦠 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Findings

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Diagnosis/Care

🔷 Use disease-appropriate testing

🔷 Collect specimen correctly

🔷 Screening ≠ confirmed diagnosis

🔷 Interpret timing + clinical context

🔷 Confirm/report per program guidance

🔷 Urgent result → prompt treatment/referral

🧼 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣5️⃣ Hepatitis B & C

🩸 Transmission

🔷 Identify agent + reservoir

🔷 Define major transmission route

🔷 Recognize portal of entry/exit

🔷 Incubation/infectious period affect control

🔷 Host susceptibility modifies risk

🔷 Target route → break chain

⚠️ Clinical Pattern

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🧪 Diagnostics/Treatment

🔷 Use disease-appropriate testing

🔷 Collect specimen correctly

🔷 Screening ≠ confirmed diagnosis

🔷 Interpret timing + clinical context

🔷 Confirm/report per program guidance

🔷 Urgent result → prompt treatment/referral

💉 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣6️⃣ Communicable Disease Nursing Responsibilities

👩‍⚕️ Direct Care

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

🔎 Case Finding

🔷 Identify suspected cases early

🔷 Use standard case definitions

🔷 Report notifiable conditions promptly

🔷 Maintain confidentiality

🔷 Support investigation/contact tracing

🔷 Use data for control action

📚 Education

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

🤝 Coordination

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

1️⃣7️⃣ Isolation & Community Infection Control

🚪 Isolation

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

🏠 Monitoring

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

🧼 Community IPC

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

📣 Risk Communication

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

1️⃣8️⃣ Mandatory Reporting & Documentation

⚖️ Reporting

🔷 Identify suspected cases early

🔷 Use standard case definitions

🔷 Report notifiable conditions promptly

🔷 Maintain confidentiality

🔷 Support investigation/contact tracing

🔷 Use data for control action

📝 Records

🔷 Identify suspected cases early

🔷 Use standard case definitions

🔷 Report notifiable conditions promptly

🔷 Maintain confidentiality

🔷 Support investigation/contact tracing

🔷 Use data for control action

🔐 Confidentiality

🔷 Identify suspected cases early

🔷 Use standard case definitions

🔷 Report notifiable conditions promptly

🔷 Maintain confidentiality

🔷 Support investigation/contact tracing

🔷 Use data for control action

📊 Data Use

🔷 Identify suspected cases early

🔷 Use standard case definitions

🔷 Report notifiable conditions promptly

🔷 Maintain confidentiality

🔷 Support investigation/contact tracing

🔷 Use data for control action

1️⃣9️⃣ Health Education & Adherence

📚 Teaching

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

💊 Adherence

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

🚩 Danger Signs

🔷 Recognize common manifestations

🔷 Identify red flags/complications

🔷 Assess exposure + risk factors

🔷 High-risk groups may present atypically

🔷 Worsening findings → referral threshold ↓

🔷 Document onset + progression

🔄 Follow-Up

🔷 Define disease/control concept

🔷 Identify transmission + risks

🔷 Recognize key manifestations

🔷 Use appropriate diagnostics

🔷 Provide treatment + prevention

🔷 Perform CHN follow-up/reporting

2️⃣0️⃣ Prevention & Program Integration

🌱 Prevention

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

🏥 Program Linkage

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

👥 Family Care

🔷 Treat according to cause + severity

🔷 Support hydration/oxygenation/nutrition as needed

🔷 Use antimicrobials only when indicated

🔷 Monitor response + adverse effects

🔷 Teach adherence + danger signs

🔷 Refer severe/complicated disease

📈 Evaluation

🔷 Apply standard precautions

🔷 Add transmission-based precautions when indicated

🔷 Promote hand hygiene/respiratory etiquette

🔷 Vaccinate/prophylax when available

🔷 Manage contacts/exposures

🔷 Community education → transmission ↓

🏁 Conclusion

Nursing care combines patient management with interruption of transmission, adherence support, surveillance, education, contact management, and timely referral. Disease-specific precautions and current public-health program guidance should direct community practice.

Reference Notes

• Department of Health - disease prevention and control program guidance.

• Republic Act No. 11332 - mandatory reporting of notifiable diseases and health events.

• DOH National Tuberculosis Control Program - current NTP policies, including Xpert MTB/RIF primary testing and TB notification.

• DOH HIV/AIDS and STI Prevention and Control Program - HIV testing, ART, prevention and linkage to care.